1.Prevalence: ASDs are one of the most common congenital heart defects, accounting for approximately 10-15% of all congenital heart lesions.
2. Types of ASDs: There are several types of ASDs, including ostium secundum defects, ostium primum defects, and sinus venosus defects, each with its unique anatomical characteristics.
3. Symptoms: Many individuals with ASDs may not experience any symptoms, especially if the defect is small. However, larger defects can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations, and recurrent respiratory infections.
4. Diagnosis: ASDs are typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (such as echocardiography), and diagnostic procedures like cardiac catheterization.
5. Complications: Untreated ASDs can lead to various complications, including pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmias, heart failure, and an increased risk of stroke.

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